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$439,999
5 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621899 MLS
Large, Open & Inviting! This spacious, beautifully updated home offers room for everyone! The main floor features 3 bedrooms, 2 updated bathrooms, newer carpet, a cozy gas fireplace, and an updated kitchen with modern appliances. The finished basement adds 2 additional bedrooms with huge egress windows, a half bath, a large family room with a second fireplace, and abundant storage. Enjoy the fully fenced 1/3-acre backyard featuring a large deck and patio—perfect for entertaining. The oversized driveway provides plenty of parking for vehicles, boats, and RVs, plus dedicated fenced RV parking. A detached 20' x 16' shop is ideal for hobbies, projects, or extra storage. Conveniently located near shopping, schools, parks, and everyday amenities, this move-in ready home offers the perfect combination of space, comfort, and functionality.

13916 E Mallon Ave, Spokane Valley
$599,900
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621898 MLS
Nestled along the peaceful banks of Grouse Creek, this unique property offers the perfect blend of comfort, functionality, & rural tranquility. The thoughtfully designed shop house features comfortable living quarters w/seamless access to the spacious main shop, making it ideal for hobbies, a home-based business, or everyday convenience. Enjoy the calming sights and sounds of Grouse Creek just beyond. At the north end of the property, you'll find beautifully landscaped grounds w/mature trees creating a private, park-like setting. Perched on the hillside is a single-wide home overlooking the property, providing a 2nd living space for guests, rental income, or caretaker accommodations. With two separate living areas, multiple shop spaces, & versatile outbuildings come make your move today.

4151 Grouse Creek Rd, Loon Lake
$499,999
2 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621896 MLS
Impeccably maintained 2-bed, 2-bath rancher on an oversized corner lot in the quiet gated Five Mile community, East Bluff Estates. The HOA covers W/S/G, lawn care, snow removal INCLUDING driveway, sidewalk and street, security, and more—offering truly low-maintenance living. Enjoy effortless single-level living with an open floor plan, vaulted ceilings, and abundant natural light. Main-floor utilities add convenience while beautiful landscaping and views of undeveloped land provide privacy. Major 2024 updates include a new roof, furnace, and A/C. Situated on Five Mile Prairie, with great views, spectacular sunsets, and a park designed for recreation, relaxation and for you to connect with nature, host a party or go for a walk, the park also has playgrounds and sports facilities. This home is just minutes from shopping, dining, other parks and trails. This private gated community is secluded yet close to everything. This one won't last. Schedule your showing today!

7015 N East Bluff Ct, Spokane
$598,000
1 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621895 MLS
Ready to embrace life on the water? Welcome to your riverfront escape at Whisper Point Development, where endless recreation is quite literally in your backyard! The crown jewel of this property is an incredibly rare find: one of the longest privately owned concrete boat launches in the entire county. Just back your boat straight down into the water & call it a perfect day. You are steps ahead on building, as the property provides public utilities, an active building permit, & engineered architectural house plans. You can immediately start living the dream in the beautifully crafted, fully insulated barndominium. The move-in-ready 30x40 "shouse" features a living quarters complete with a bathroom, kitchen & gorgeous custom woodwork. With breathtaking mountain views, 2 convenient RV hookups for your friends & family, & immediate access to nearby ATV & snowmobile trails right out your back door, the heavy lifting is truly already done. Don’t miss your chance to own this incredibly rare riverfront retreat!

31 Bald Eagle Dr, Newport
$1,600,000
5 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621893 MLS
A rare 92.97-acre opportunity just 3 miles from Newport—11 legal parcels with commanding river and mountain views plus a full residential and shop setup already in place. The property includes a very livable 5-bed, 3-bath ranch-style home with a full walk-out basement, offering immediate usability while you plan future development. Multiple natural benches support potential 5-acre view lots, and four secondary waterfront parcels include an additional strip of scenic frontage for recreation. Two shops add tremendous utility: a 2400 sq ft shop with lean-tos on both sides and an interior workshop, plus a 1200 sq ft, 12-ft-high three-sided shed for equipment or storage. Timber, meadows, varied terrain, and internal access routes create flexibility for phased development or private estate planning. Walk the land, study the parcels, and see what’s possible across this remarkable property.

433421 Sr-20 Hwy, Newport
$399,900
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621894 MLS
Don't miss this conveniently located Airway Heights home on an oversized parcel! Huge 36x48x16' shop built in 2021, complete with RV Power outlet and sewer hookup. The home has been well loved and maintained over the years, and boasts over 2,200 ft of living space all on one level. Updated kitchen with ample cabinets, Corian countertops. There's new durable lvp flooring throughout much of the home. Large living space has newer gas fireplace. Primary suite has great en-suite bathroom with jetted tub, dual headed shower, dual sinks, and large walk in closet. Outside, there's a nice private covered space with a great spot for a hot tub. Fenced backyard is enormous and ready to make your own way. The insulated shop has a loft space and separate enclosed area with roll up door for lawnmowers, snowblowers. 50 amp RV service in and outside the shop which has large power door openers. 2 tankless hot water heaters recently installed and stackable washer and dryer stay too! So much value in this property!

12430 W 13th Ave, Airway Heights
$269,900
2 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621889 MLS
This charming two-bedroom, one-bathroom home in the heart of Spokane blends classic Craftsman character with modern upgrades. You will love the crown moldings and niche built-in cabinets! With updated windows and a brand new mini-split system, you will stay nice and cool all summer. Additionally, an efficient boiler system installed just 2 years ago will ensure warmth all winter. New flooring and paint have also been done in many areas of the home. Bathroom has been renovated and updated. Nicely located on a good-sized lot featuring off-street parking, a fully fenced yard, designated garden areas, and mature shade trees. The unfinished basement provides lots of storage space. This could be the next place you call home or would make a great investment for future rental income!

1014 N Nettleton St, Spokane
$185,000
2 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621888 MLS
Don't miss this incredible opportunity to own a 2 bedroom, 1 bath home with 1,032 square feet of living space on a spacious 1/3 acre corner lot. Perfectly located directly across the street from Newport City Park, and the Newport Rodeo, this property offers a prime location with year-round convenience and community charm. An oversized detached garage provides ample space for vehicles, storage, hobbies, or a workshop. Whether you're an investor searching for your next project, or a buyer looking for an affordable home to renovate and make your own, this property is full of potential. With a generous yard, excellent location, and endless possibilities, this is your chance to create something special at an affordable price.

1300 W 1st Ave, Newport
$525,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621882 MLS
Welcome to this beautifully maintained single-level home in the highly desirable gated Glenngrae community! This spacious 3-bedroom, 2-bath home features an open-concept floor plan with tall ceilings, abundant natural light, and beautiful tile flooring throughout the main living areas. The inviting living room is centered around a cozy gas fireplace and flows seamlessly into the kitchen, complete with hard-surface countertops, ample cabinetry, and a dining area with direct access to the private back patio. Step outside to enjoy the beautifully landscaped, park-like backyard, perfect for relaxing or entertaining. The spacious primary suite offers a large walk-in closet and an ensuite bath with a dual-sink vanity. Enjoy the ease of low-maintenance living along with exclusive community amenities, including a private clubhouse, swimming pool, gated entry, lawn care, snow removal, and common area maintenance.

4422 E North Glenngrae Ln, Spokane
$569,000
4 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 202621881 MLS
This is not the same house you saw a few months ago. After an extensive renovation, this home has been thoughtfully transformed into the move-in-ready home you've been waiting for. Inside, you'll find a stunning new kitchen, brand-new primary bathroom, updated secondary bathrooms, new flooring, fresh interior paint, new windows, a new tear-off roof, modern lighting, and upgrades throughout. The heavy lifting has already been done time to move in and enjoy. Perched on a spacious hillside lot, the home offers beautiful territorial views, a private backyard perfect for entertaining or relaxing, and the charm of an established neighborhood with the feel of a much newer home. Conveniently located just minutes from downtown Spokane, shopping, restaurants, parks, schools, and everyday amenities. If you toured this home before, it's time to take another look & you won't recognize it.

3660 W Rosamond Ave, Spokane
$414,995
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621878 MLS
Includes full back yard landscaping! No HOA. Welcome to the Sherwood floor plan, designed for effortless entertaining and comfortable living. The main level features an open-concept great room that seamlessly connects to the kitchen and dining areas. The kitchen is a chef’s delight, boasting an oversized walk-in pantry and stainless-steel appliances, including an electric range, microwave hood, and dishwasher. Upstairs, the expansive primary suite provides a tranquil retreat with a walk-in closet, double sink vanity, and walk-in shower. Down the hall, you’ll find three additional bedrooms that share a well-appointed secondary bathroom with a single-sink vanity and a tub. For added convenience, the upstairs layout includes a laundry room, maintenance room, and a linen closet. The Sherwood offers the perfect blend of style and functionality. Nestled in a serene community surrounded by stunning natural beauty, this home offers easy access to all the amenities that Deer Park has to offer.

120 S Pippin Ave, Deer Park
$300,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621874 MLS
Adorable 3-bedroom, 2-bath bungalow in the heart of the highly sought-after Garland District, just one block from the iconic Garland Theater! This move-in ready home has been thoughtfully refreshed with fresh interior paint, an updated kitchen, renovated bathrooms, and new main-floor flooring. A detached garage and additional storage area provide plenty of space for your vehicles, tools, or hobbies. Offering the perfect blend of charm, comfort, and convenience, this home is priced to sell. Don't miss your opportunity to own this gem in one of Spokane's most beloved neighborhoods!

3924 N Madison St, Spokane
$275,000
3 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621872 MLS
Charming 3-bedroom, 1-bath home just blocks from Corbin Park and the shops, restaurants, and amenities of Monroe Street! Full of character and thoughtful updates, this home features vinyl windows, LVP flooring, an updated 200-amp electrical panel, PEX plumbing, newer drain lines, and an automatic sprinkler system. Enjoy year-round comfort with gas forced-air heat and central A/C, plus cozy evenings by the wood-burning fireplace. The formal dining room adds timeless charm, while the low-maintenance metal siding offers lasting durability. Outside, you'll find a detached 1-car garage, metal storage shed, and a spacious cement patio perfect for entertaining. All kitchen and laundry appliances stay, making this move-in-ready home an exceptional value in a desirable North Spokane location! WA TRUST has a program paying $5,000 of Buyers Closing Costs

713 W Jackson Ave, Spokane
$260,000
3 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621864 MLS
Turnkey and thoughtfully updated- this 3 bed 1 bath home delivers high end finishes without the high end price tag. New roof, windows, interior/exterior doors, lvp flooring, fresh paint inside&out. The kitchen shines with soft close designer cabinets, quarts counters, and stainless appliances. The bathroom features a microcement shower surround/tub.

8309 E Knox Ave, Spokane Valley
$275,000
1 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621861 MLS
Welcome home to this brand new downtown condominium in the Minnesota Building where style meets convenience. This condo boasts 1200 sf of luxury, including radiant floor heating, stainless steel appliances, bamboo floors, a walk-in shower in a ginormous bathroom, butcher block counters, and tankless hot water. Located in the heart of downtown makes it walkable to all of your favorite downtown restaurants. It also has parking available on-site for $150/month. Or it's on a bus route. While the Minnesota Building has been around for over a century, this condo was built in 2024-25. Come check it out.

423 W 1st Ave, Spokane
$399,900
5 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621859 MLS
Bring your vision to this spacious mid-century modern home on a .31-acre lot in Spokane’s sought-after South Hill. Offering more than 3,200 square feet, solid bones, and a flexible floor plan, this property is ready for renovation, resale, or customization into your dream home. Add a deck to take advantage of sweeping views of downtown Spokane and Mt. Spokane. The layout may also offer potential for multigenerational living or a duplex-style configuration, subject to buyer verification and local requirements. A rare opportunity for investors or buyers searching for a South Hill renovation project with exceptional upside.

4015 E 17th Ave, Spokane
$575,000
4 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 202621858 MLS
SINGLE FAMILY HOME + GUEST HOUSE! Amazing opportunity with this 2020 custom built 1,500 sq ft home w/ attached 2-car garage + a 500 sq ft 1 bed/1 bath guest house above a second 2-car garage. This property sits in a quaint, quiet neighborhood that feels private & tucked away yet is just one minute from the edge of Spokane. The main home features a beautiful open concept living room, dining room & kitchen. The kitchen is finished w/ custom cabinetry, quartz countertops & a large island. Convenient main floor half bath. Upstairs includes the master bedroom & bathroom along with 2 add'l bedrooms & another bathroom. Second home sits above its own 2-car garage & offers a great layout with 1 bedroom & 1 bathroom and a cute kitchen & living room and has been a proven AirBnB/long-term rental generating $1,800/month. Private, fenced backyard & patio. Great schools-Wilson Elementary. No HOA. Ideal for multigenerational living, rental income or offsetting your mortgage by renting out the guest house.

2012 W 15th Ave, Spokane
$249,950
2 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621857 MLS
Just renovated and situated on a rare double lot with a newer roof! This beautifully updated 2-bedroom, 1-bath home blends modern finishes with timeless charm, creating a move-in-ready space that's both stylish and inviting. Natural light fills the refreshed interior, offering comfortable everyday living with a clean, contemporary feel. The oversized double lot is the true standout, providing an incredible amount of outdoor space that's hard to find in this central Spokane location. A detached 2-car garage, fully fenced backyard, and ample off-street parking add convenience and versatility for a variety of lifestyles. Ideally located near parks, schools, shopping, dining, and downtown Spokane, this turnkey home is a fantastic opportunity for first-time buyers, investors, or anyone looking for extra space both inside and out.

717 E Wabash Ave, Spokane
$205,000
2 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621847 MLS
Welcome to this spacious 2-bedroom, 2-bath manufactured home in the desirable Creek Residence community. Offering over 1,400 square feet of comfortable living space, this home features an open-concept floor plan with seamless flow between the living, dining, and kitchen areas. A dedicated office provides the ideal space for working from home, hobbies, or additional flex use. The generously sized primary suite includes a private bath, while the second bedroom and full bath offer comfort for guests or family. Located within a secure gated community, residents enjoy peace of mind and a welcoming neighborhood atmosphere, all while taking advantage of the sunny location. Don't miss this opportunity for low-maintenance living in a well-maintained community.

1001 W Sunny Creek Cir, Spokane
$630,000
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621846 MLS
This beautifully kept 4-bedroom, 3-bath split-entry offers a fully fenced 12,632 sq ft lot built for entertaining and a rare true 4-car tandem garage. The bright main level connects a vaulted living room, dining area and spacious kitchen; downstairs, a second gathering room and included bar create flexible space for guests, games or movie nights. Step outside to an expansive lawn with an above-ground pool, hot tub, gazebo and multiple places to relax. The tandem garage offers exceptional room for vehicles, a workshop, hobbies and storage. Built in 2012 and thoughtfully maintained from curb to backyard, this home combines everyday comfort with the hard-to-find space buyers want. Schedule your showing before your new home gets noticed!

1027 S Virgil Ct, Greenacres
$560,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621845 MLS
Welcome to your country retreat in Elk, WA! Set on just under 10 acres, this home is beautifully appointed and already set up for horses, livestock, or a small homestead. Inside, the home features 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a versatile flex/office space, and an open floor plan designed for everyday living. The kitchen boasts a large pantry and flows easily into the dining and living areas. A spacious mudroom makes country living simple, while the primary suite provides a private retreat with a soaking tub and a generous walk-in closet. Outdoors, relax or entertain on the full-length covered deck while taking in the peaceful surroundings. A 40'x40' shop includes a workshop area plus a 16’x40’ lean-to for hay storage. The property is partially fenced and includes two storage sheds, a chicken coop, and a productive 20 gpm well. Conveniently located just minutes from North Spokane with easy access to Hwy 2, this property offers the perfect blend of rural space, modern comfort, & convenience.

38911 N Newport Hwy, Elk
$580,000
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621843 MLS
This daylight rancher in coveted Highland Estates offers far more than great curb appeal & standout updates. It brings together completely remodeled craftsmanship, luxury finishes, beautiful territorial views, & a smart ecosystem designed to make daily life easier. With a functional main floor including laundry, a chef-worthy kitchen with premium Samsung Bespoke smart appliances, a welcoming living space anchored by a gas fireplace & custom bookshelves, & a bright daylight walkout basement, this is a rare combination of beauty, convenience, and forward-thinking technology. Even the details feel intentional—such as the voice-enabled Delta faucet, smart connected ceiling fans, Matter-certified light switches, Nest thermostat, smart locks & garage door opener & B-hyve sprinkler system. Plus, there's an EV charger & the home is wired for a generator. The primary suite is a true retreat with access to the 10'x65' composite deck overlooking the fenced garden & manicured yard. Top to bottom, there's so much to love!

18616 E Cerro Ct, Otis Orchards
$915,000
5 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621842 MLS
Nestled in Spokane Valley's Ponderosa neighborhood, this spacious 5-bedroom, 3-bathroom ranch home offers more than 4,500 square feet of thoughtfully laid-out living space on a 1.5 acre lot. The main floor features an oversized living room with vaulted ceilings, an impressive fireplace and views of the surrounding natural beauty. The main floor primary suite includes a spacious remodeled 5-piece bath, walk-in closet and private deck. Entertaining is easy in the large kitchen with both formal and informal dining areas. The daylight walk-out basement is a true standout, filling the lower level with natural light and opening directly to the outdoors — perfect for a home theater, second living area, guest suite, or multigenerational living setup. It's the kind of feature that instantly expands how you can use the home. The oversized lot features a fantastic garden area and plenty of space for the shop of your dreams. Don't miss this wonderful home!

5211 S Van Marter Rd, Spokane Valley
$199,000
2 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621841 MLS
Spotless, affordable, and move-in ready! Welcome to this quiet end-unit condo/townhouse in the Heather Wood community in Spokane Valley. Step inside to a bright main level featuring newer Pergo floors throughout the spacious living room, complete with a cozy wood-burning fireplace. The layout flows seamlessly into the dining area and kitchen, which boasts a brand-new LG stove, dishwasher, and ample cabinet space. A convenient half-bathroom and an AC wall unit keep the main floor comfortable. Upstairs, you will find a generous primary bedroom featuring double closets for excellent storage, alongside a comfortable second bedroom and a full bathroom. Enjoy outdoor living on your back patio, easily accessed through the dining room's sliding doors. This fantastic condo also features updated vinyl siding, vinyl windows, and an assigned carport for convenient parking. Affordable Valley living at its finest—schedule your showing today!

2107 N Houk Rd, Spokane Valley
$515,000
5 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 202621839 MLS
Welcome home to this charming Cape Cod-style beauty, where timeless character meets modern comfort. Offering 2,884 square feet with 5 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms, this thoughtfully designed and renovated home provides plenty of space for everyone. From the moment you arrive, the oversized treed lot and classic picket-style fence create a warm, welcoming first impression. Inside, you'll find a bright, light-filled and freshly painted interior featuring a stylish modern kitchen that's perfect for both everyday living and entertaining with formal dining as well as a sunny breakfast nook and bar. Two cozy gas fireplaces add warmth and character, creating inviting spaces to gather both on the main floor living room and the newly carpeted basement rec room. The Master suite functions smoothly for daily needs, featuring a dual sink vanity, attached walk-in shower and spacious walk in closet.

4301 W Shawnee Ave, Spokane
$699,990
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621832 MLS
Beautifully updated one-owner home offering 3,910 sq. ft. in a prime Liberty Lake location directly across from Pavilion Park, with open views and no homes in front. Major updates include a new roof and gutters (2023), plus a new furnace, A/C, water heater, and basement carpet (July 2026). The remodeled kitchen features custom Mid Continent natural hickory cabinets with soft-close drawers, built-in organizers, spice racks, granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, and a private deck. Brazilian cherry hardwood floors add warmth and character throughout the main level. Flexible living spaces include generous bedrooms, a main-floor office, a spacious basement family room, and multiple storage rooms. Located in the sought-after Central Valley School District, just steps from Pavilion Park with concerts, splash pad, tennis and basketball courts, ball fields, skate park, playgrounds, and community events.

23209 E Settler Dr, Liberty Lake
$755,000
5 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 202621831 MLS
Need Space ? WE HAVE IT ! Paras-built home offers luxury living in a private setting on nearly 1/2 acre. This light filled, updated 5-bedroom, 4-bath, two-story with a finished basement features an open layout, tile flooring, and a spacious kitchen. Note worthy is the magnificent laundry/ craft room located on the main level. The kitchen has a granite island, double ovens, and a walk-in pantry. The grand entry leads upstairs to the primary suite with a walk-in closet and spa-like bath, plus three additional generous bedrooms. The finished basement adds an expansive family room, bedroom, and full bath, great for a private guest suite. Enjoy abundant natural light, sweeping views, and a fully fenced backyard with a large patio and spa. Three car garage with high ceilings gives you twice the ability of storage as most garages. Seller is offering a $7,000 credit of buyers choice for flooring or other option.

2221 S Steen Rd, Spokane Valley
$309,000
4 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621830 MLS
Right in the heart of Shadle, this home fits the life you're living now. Set up your home office upstairs while everyone else spreads out on the main level, or turn one of the four bedrooms into a guest suite or home gym — with two bedrooms up and two down (nonconforming), there's room to make it work however you need. A bonus storage room means gear, seasonal decorations, and hobby supplies finally have a place to go — no more cramming closets or paying for offsite storage. Outside, a covered porch keeps your morning coffee routine going rain or shine, and a fire pit area makes the backyard the natural spot for evening get-togethers. The detached garage comes with workspace already set up for weekend projects, plus off-street parking so you're not hunting for a spot on the street. Located in an established Shadle neighborhood close to parks, schools, and shopping — the kind of everyday convenience that's easy to take for granted until you have it.

5224 N Cannon St St, Spokane
$425,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621828 MLS
HORSES ANYONE! PLUS SHOP, ANIMAL SET UP, HE/SHE SHEDS. Quaint and Quiet corner lot on almost 5 acres. The manufactured home is move-in ready just bring your animals: horses, goats, rabbits, chickens and more. 2 horse shelters with runs, fenced and cross-fenced, chicken coop, several fruit trees, a 30'X40' shop that is heated and insulated, 3 nice he/she sheds with power. Green House and Large garden area, fenced with water & power. Need a Classroom for at home school, need a private space to work from home or a workout studio? You can have all three with this property. All this close to Deer Park, schools and parks.

2309 W Blue Quail Ct, Deer Park
$609,900
4 Beds ⋅ 4 Baths ⋅ 202621829 MLS
Experience the beauty of life at Shelley Lake, a gated community centered around a picturesque 21-acre spring-fed lake nourished by Saltese Creek and underground springs. Named after early homesteader John Francis Shelley, the neighborhood offers scenic walking trails, peaceful lake views, and abundant wildlife, creating a truly tranquil setting. This contemporary Craftsman home is framed by beautiful landscaping with ornamental and fruit trees, colorful planting beds, and a welcoming front patio overlooking the lake. Inside, a dramatic staircase leads to a spacious primary suite featuring an impressive walk-in closet. The finished daylight basement provides a comfortable second living area with a cozy gas stove plus a private office that easily functions as a fourth bedroom. Award-winning Central Valley Schools, Close to shopping, dining, and I-90. Don't miss this opportunity to enjoy one of Spokane Valley's most desirable lake communities.

506 S Shelley Lake Ln, Spokane Valley

Listings last updated . All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified.