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$740,000
202621406 MLS
The investment opportunity you've been waiting for! With a proven track record of successful short-term rental income, this modern central Spokane duplex offers incredible flexibility and income potential. Continue operating as a short-term rental, transition to long/mid-term tenants, or live in one side while renting the other to help offset your mortgage and build equity. Ideally located near Spokane Arena, ONE Spokane Stadium, The Podium and downtown, the location is perfect for attracting guests and tenants alike. Built in 2021, each unit offers 3 bedrooms, 2.5 bathrooms and 1,504 sq ft of well-maintained living space. Both units come fully furnished and feature stainless steel appliances, LVP flooring, Shaker-style cabinetry and hard-surface countertops. The xeriscaped exterior provides low-maintenance living, and each unit offers off-street parking accessed from a private alley. Whether you're an investor or an owner-occupant looking to house hack, this turnkey duplex is ready to start working for you!

1422 N Wall St, Spokane
$275,000
3 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621397 MLS
Charming craftsman bungalow in Spokane's Chief Garry Park neighborhood, just minutes from Gonzaga University, Spokane Community College, and the scenic Spokane River and Centennial Trail. This 3-bed, 1-bath home greets you with an adorable covered front porch plus a second-story front porch — perfect for morning coffee or evening sunsets. Inside, a large main-level layout offers comfortable, flexible living space. A true rarity for this location: an oversized one-car garage and off-street parking (no alley access needed). Enjoy walkable access to Chief Garry Park's splash pad and playground, neighborhood coffee shops, and the Trent Avenue shopping corridor. Big-ticket updates are already done for you — roof replaced in 2018, exterior paint refreshed within the last few years, and a reliable gas forced air furnace. Vintage craftsman charm with modern peace of mind, in one of East Spokane's most convenient locations.

817 E Wabash Ave, Spokane
$298,500
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621382 MLS
Charming and affordable 3-bed, 2-bath home. Over 2,400 total sq. ft. of comfortable living space. Freshly updated w/ new flooring throughout, including new carpet on the main floor and new vinyl plank floors in the kitchen, dining area, and throughout the upstairs, creating a clean, move-in-ready feel. Spacious living and dining areas w/ a flexible adjoining room that can serve as a formal dining room or family room just off the nice kitchen. Two main-floor bedrooms and full bath. Upstairs offers a potential primary retreat w/ sitting area, double closets, and 3/4 bath. Major improvements in the past 10 years include roof, furnace, central A/C, gas hot water heater, and self-draining sprinkler system. Private vinyl-fenced backyard with deck, covered front sitting area, insulated 2 car garage with power and opener, storage shed, and off-street parking. Offering exceptional space, recent updates, and outstanding value, there's still an opportunity to personalize with your own paint colors and finishing touches.

824 E Gordon Ave, Spokane
$355,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621377 MLS
Beautifully updated North Spokane rancher on a large corner lot directly across from Franklin Park! This meticulously maintained home features a remodeled kitchen with stainless steel appliances, updated bathrooms with fully tiled showers, new flooring throughout, vinyl windows, beautiful fireplace, SmartTrim board-and-batten siding, and a new water heater. The main floor features 2 bedrooms and 1 full bath, while the lower level includes a private primary suite with walk-in closet, and a spacious family room that could serve as a 4th bedroom. Attached 1-car garage, carport, and additional gravel parking provide plenty of space for vehicles, RV, or boat. Wood stove included if buyer wishes to reinstall in bsmt. Fantastic location within walking distance to Northtown Mall, Trader Joe's, Starbucks and Holy Family Hospital. Franklin Park offers baseball fields, soccer fields, basketball courts, playground, splash pad, picnic shelter, and more. Move-in ready in an unbeatable location!

303 W Queen Ave, Spokane
$349,999
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621373 MLS
Turn-key 3 bed, 2 bath home in desirable Shadle! This beautifully remodeled home has been meticulously maintained and is truly move-in ready. Enjoy beautiful vinyl plank floors, an updated kitchen, remodeled bathroom, and a spacious formal dining room addition perfect for entertaining. The finished basement offers a bedroom, bathroom, laundry room, and a versatile space with a pellet stove for added convenience. Outside, you'll love the impeccably landscaped, low-maintenance yard with no lawn to mow, a fully fenced backyard, large patio, hot tub, and pergola. The oversized storage shed doubles as a powered workshop. Newer vinyl siding, windows, and a new roof (2021) complete this exceptional home. Don't miss this Shadle gem!

4918 N Lincoln St, Spokane
$375,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621370 MLS
Classic Spokane charm meets everyday function in this well-kept 1953 rancher in the desirable North Spokane area. Offering 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, and 1,750 sq ft, this home features comfortable single-level living, a one-car detached garage, and a covered patio ideal for relaxing or entertaining. Inside, the layout feels practical and inviting, with room to personalize and make it your own. Conveniently located near local amenities, parks, and neighborhood routes, this home delivers timeless appeal, solid square footage, and an opportunity to create lasting value in an established North Spokane setting

6003 N Greenwood Blvd, Spokane
$419,900
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621366 MLS
Welcome to this beautifully updated 4-bedroom, 2-bath Mid Century Modern home with a 31x 24 shop, tucked away in a quiet established northwest neighborhood. The fully remodeled kitchen features stylish new cabinetry, quartz countertops, a tile backsplash, and updated appliances-perfect for everyday living and entertaining. Thoughtful improvements throughout the home provide both comfort and peace of mind, including new aggregate patio, new front door, and solid core interior doors. Major system upgrades include a new furnace and AC/(2001), a new gas hot water heater(2026), and radon mitigation system. The spacious lower level has been refreshed with paint and carpeting, and an egress window installed in the primary bedroom for added natural light and functionality. With it's blend of timeless character and modern updates this move in ready home is one you won't to miss. Insulated shop access from alley.

7005 N Stevens St, Spokane
$330,000
202621360 MLS
Exceptional investment opportunity in the heart of Spokane! This well-maintained triplex offers three separately metered units with a strong rental history, making it an excellent addition to any investment portfolio. The property features a spacious 2-bedroom, 1-bath unit on the main level, a charming 1-bedroom, 1-bath unit upstairs, and an additional 2-bedroom, 1-bath unit in the lower level. Major system updates,including newer electrical, plumbing, roof, and gutters, provide peace of mind and help minimize future maintenance. The main unit is currently occupied by the seller; the other two units are vacant and ready to lease. Rental history is available on request. Conveniently located near downtown Spokane, Kendall Yards, parks, shopping, dining, and public transportation, this is a good opportunity for both seasoned and first-time investors. Low-maintenance yard, off-street parking, and separate entrances make this a solid investment.Driveway and stair renovations are underway; call for details.

1007 N Cannon St, Spokane
$330,000
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621359 MLS
Exceptional investment opportunity in the heart of Spokane! This well-maintained triplex offers three separately metered units with a strong rental history, making it an excellent addition to any investment portfolio. The property features a spacious 2-bedroom, 1-bath unit on the main level, a charming 1-bedroom, 1-bath unit upstairs, and an additional 2-bedroom, 1-bath unit in the lower level. Major system updates—including newer electrical, plumbing, roof, and gutters—provide added peace of mind and help minimize future maintenance. Each unit is currently ready to lease or move into your unit of choice. Choose where you want to live and lease the others, or choose to lease them all to maximize your investment. Conveniently located near downtown Spokane, Kendall Yards, parks, shopping, dining, and public transportation, this is a turnkey opportunity for both seasoned and first-time investors. This property offers many options at the price of a single-family home. Call for more details and showings.

1007 N Cannon St, Spokane
$519,000
5 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621349 MLS
Back on market after fires! TOTAL PROFESSIONAL DETOX, CLEANEST HOME on the market! Backyard oasis w/a sparkling in-ground pool & patio! 5-bed, 3-bath 4-level in desirable Indian Trail. is move-in ready & offers 3 separate living areas to meet your needs-gym, office, game/theatre room, office? So much flex space! 2 fireplaces & a cozy pellet stove for chilly nights. Updated kitchen features granite counters, soft-close cabinets, SS appliances, & 5-burner gas range. Upper & lower baths have heated floors. Tiled walk-in shower in primary suite & a jetted tub in the 2nd bath. Entertain and enjoy the low-maintenance pool with slide, winter security cover, gas heater, automatic cleaner, tablet feeder, & retractable SunSetter awning & beautiful patio. New roof w/warranty! ALL NEW systems: gas furnace, gas water heater, insulation, interior paint & carpet, interior lights & ceiling fans! Vinyl windows, sprinkler system & fenced backyard w/cherry & pear trees! Literally TURN-KEY!! Two beds in lower level non-egress.

8517 N Greenwood St, Spokane
$354,900
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621348 MLS
Investor opportunity with multiple income and expansion possibilities! This 2,574-square-foot property features a three-bedroom, one-bath main-floor unit and a 600-square-foot, one-bedroom, one-bath upstairs unit. The interior has recently been refreshed with new paint, new flooring and additional updates throughout. A full unfinished basement offers abundant storage and potential for future expansion. Each unit includes its own oversized single-car garage, with additional potential to explore garage conversions into accessory dwelling units for expanded living space or rental income. The level, fenced backyard, off-street parking and convenient Spokane location add to the property’s appeal. Owner carry contract only.

816 E Gordon Ave, Spokane
$399,000
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621346 MLS
Welcome home to this wonderful rancher style home, where timeless character meets thoughtful updates! Stunning original hardwood floors flow throughout the main level, featuring three bedrooms with ceiling fans and an updated kitchen with Corian countertops and updated appliances. The fully finished basement offers even more room to spread out, including an additional bedroom with a large walk-in closet, generous living space and an incredible bathroom featuring floor-to-ceiling tile and dual shower heads. A large storage area provides plenty of space to keep everything organized. Outside, enjoy a spacious, private backyard with room to relax, entertain, garden or play. Conveniently located near shopping, schools, parks and everyday amenities, this move-in-ready home offers the perfect combination of charm, space and functionality!

6912 N N Monroe St, Spokane
$729,000
5 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621342 MLS
One-of-a-kind custom 5-bed, 3-bath home offering exceptional space, versatility, and amenities. This thoughtfully designed property includes a fully equipped ground-level living area with separate kitchen, family room, bedroom, and bathroom—ideal for multigenerational, co-living or extended guests. Car enthusiasts will appreciate the impressive 5-car garage with car lift and 4-person infrared sauna, plus a detached garage with alley access. Outdoor living shines with a covered pergola patio, outdoor kitchen area, and Trex deck with glass railing perfect for relaxing or enjoying fireworks from nearby Avista Stadium. Inside, the oversized kitchen includes all appliances, tongue-and-groove ceilings, and abundant natural light from skylights. The spacious primary suite features a two-person jetted tub. Located just steps from Esmeralda Golf Course and Beacon Hill, this home blends comfort, recreation, and convenience.

3703 E Courtland Ave, Spokane
$350,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621339 MLS
Cute As A Button! This Shadle area bungalow is centrally located and close to it all. Fresh paint, new flooring and recent updates bring this home to life and make it truly "Move-In Ready"! With 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and 2 separate living spaces - there is room for the whole family. The covered patio is perfect for your morning coffee or an afternoon lemonade while Fido roams the fenced yard. Alley access to the spacious 2 car garage allows for additional parking for all of your toys. This is the home that you have been waiting for—Welcome Home!

4811 N Oak St, Spokane
$850,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621334 MLS
This truly one-of-a-kind property has all the extras starting at the gate ~ a truly special rancher on 5.06 acres with so many beautiful amenities, including privacy! This 2235' no-step rancher boasts beautiful custom finishes throughout! 3 beds, 2 baths, 3-car attached garage PLUS A PERFECT 30X60 SHOP! Beautiful custom hickory floors throughout & knotty Alder doors & trim. Beautiful Formal Dining has custom full-wall built-ins with lead glass, drawers & cabinets~ Gorgeous kitchen with large island with granite countertops, gas stove with pot filler, beverage fridge and farm sink! Brand new hot water tank~ Electric heat pump and central air~ Home & Shop are wired for generator + finished heated shop wired 220V & plumbed with a 3/4 bath & laundry! RV Parking with power and cleanout, 14X16 Lean To, fenced Garden, gorgeous pergola on patio + beautiful fire pit~ perfect home and property for entertaining! NO HOA!

38909 N Hatch Rd, Deer Park
$199,900
1 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621326 MLS
Updated North Hill rancher with tenant and lease in place! This affordable 1-bedroom, 1-bath home offers low-maintenance living and strong investment potential. The updated kitchen features modern cabinetry, stainless steel appliances, and newer flooring. The oversized lot provides plenty of space for gardening, entertaining, pets, or future use, with a partially fenced backyard for added privacy. A detached garage with convenient alley access offers secure parking, storage, or workshop space.

1211 W Bismark Ave, Spokane
$449,999
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621322 MLS
Beautifully updated and move-in ready, this 2,120 sq. ft. home on 4.1 acres offers the perfect blend of modern updates and country living. Remodeled in 2022, the home features 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, plus a versatile bonus room ideal for an office, hobby space, or guest area. Interior upgrades include LVP flooring, stylish lighting, six-panel doors, and stainless steel appliances. The spacious primary suite offers a walk-in closet, double vanity, tiled shower, and abundant storage. Enjoy outdoor living in the fenced backyard with a large entertaining deck, young apple trees, and room to roam. The 20x40 shop includes two overhead doors with openers plus workspace, while the barn and corral are ready for livestock. Major updates include a new furnace & A/C in 2022 and a new roof in 2025. A rare bonus for a rural property, the home is connected to Whitworth Water District public water—no private well to maintain. Conveniently located just 10 miles from Deer Park and 15 minutes to Wandermere.

3210 E Denison-Chattaroy Rd, Chattaroy
$329,900
3 Beds ⋅ 1 Baths ⋅ 202621320 MLS
Charming starter home in the heart of the Garland District! This 3 bed, 1 bath home offers 1,600+ square feet of living space with a smart layout across two levels. The main floor features durable LVP flooring throughout, 2 bedrooms, a full bath, kitchen w/ quartz counters, spacious dining area, and a dedicated laundry room. Upstairs you'll find a bonus living room plus a third bedroom, ideal for a primary retreat, guest space, or home office. Major systems are already handled: brand new roof (2026) and new AC (2024) mean peace of mind for years to come. A detached 1-car garage, also with a new roof (2026), adds storage and parking convenience. Location is unbeatable. You're walking distance to Garland District shops and restaurants, and less than a mile to Monroe Street's shopping and dining scene. Whether you're a first-time buyer, an investor eyeing rental income, or looking for an Airbnb opportunity, this property checks every box.

4017 N Madison St, Spokane
$469,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621319 MLS
Built in 2023, this well-maintained manufactured home sits on over 5 private acres, offering the perfect combination of modern comfort and peaceful country living. Designed with energy efficiency in mind, the home features a heat pump for year-round comfort and a whole-home backup generator wired with an interlock to the electrical panel for added peace of mind. High-speed internet is available, making remote work and streaming a breeze. The property is located on a county-maintained gravel road that is also on the school bus route, providing convenient year-round access. With no HOA, there’s plenty of room to enjoy the outdoors, bring your animals, build a shop, or simply take in the privacy and surrounding natural beauty. Enjoy the benefits of newer construction, open space, and rural living, all within an easy commute to nearby amenities.

11914 E Laurel Rd, Elk
$479,950
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621315 MLS
Welcome to this move-in-ready 4-bedroom, 3-bath home in Spring Air Estates. Built in 2023, the thoughtfully designed 2,057-square-foot layout offers an open-concept main level filled with natural light. The spacious kitchen features dark cabinetry, stainless-steel appliances, quartz countertops, a large island and an adjoining dining area ideal for everyday living and entertaining. Upstairs, the generous primary suite includes a private bath and walk-in closet, while three additional bedrooms provide flexibility for guests, work or hobbies. Enjoy central air, an attached two-car garage, a patio and a fully fenced corner lot with raised garden beds. Mountain and territorial views complete this stylish, low-maintenance home. Schedule your private showing today!

12126 N Greene St, Mead
$430,000
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621300 MLS
Backyard paradise + hobbyist dream home. This 4 bed, 3 bath rancher sits on a full finished basement with attached 4+ vehicle garage/shop (fully insulated + heated). 2 gas fireplaces, gas hot water and forced air furnace, central AC, water softener. Newer kitchen appliances; gas range, microwave, and d/w. Primary main floor suite has double sinks, walk-in shower, and walk-in closet. Main floor full bath with tub/shower. Oversized downstairs full bath with tub/shower. Two laundry hookups downstairs; one setup as impressive hobby/sewing/laundry (w/ gas dryer). Basement has separate entrance flexibility. Incredible fenced and shady backyard with a beautiful deck area awaits right off the dining room. Tear off and reroof was done in 2011. Good neighbors, quiet location. Easy access to shopping, schools, and medical care. Ask about potential Financing Incentive Available!!

8126 N Colton St, Spokane
$335,000
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621293 MLS
Great rancher in very convenient location near shopping and 1 block from Glass park. New paint in Kitchen and living room. Kitchen also has granite counters. All upstairs windows have been updated to Vinyl. Hardwood floors throughout first level. Full finished basement with large family room and full bath. Also, Large bedroom with egress window and huge walk in closet. New Carpet to be installed throughout basement. New gas furnace in 2015. Vinyl siding, fenced backyard, functional chicken Coup and an oversized 2 car garage with work bench. This home qualifies for a 1.75% pricing incentive.

407 E Heroy Ave, Spokane
$324,900
4 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621292 MLS
Move in ready, just bring your clothes and enjoy this Shadle Home. that even has the front white picket fence. Main level features 3 bedrooms, remodeled bathroom with a tiled shower, Large kitchen with eating space and new stainless appliances, hardwood floors in living area. Basement has the ability to be mother-in-law set up or possible rental income, has another kitchen , large living area and bedroom. and newly remodeled bathroom. Whole house has new paint inside and out and carpet. Outside you will find 1 car garage, nice additional storage shed, partially fenced backyard. All this in a nice quiet neighborhood that is close to many amenities.

5521 N C St, Spokane
$369,000
2 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621290 MLS
Escape to the peace and tranquility of country living with this exceptionally well-cared-for 2-bedroom, 2-bath home situated on just under 5 acres. Surrounded by wide-open views, this inviting property offers space to relax, work, and enjoy the outdoors. The acreage is fenced and cross-fenced with barbless wire fencing, creating a fantastic setup for animals. Inside, you’ll find new windows and doors, along with an electric forced-air furnace, while newer exterior skirting adds to the home’s clean, finished appearance. The impressive 40x24 shop/storage/barn area features a concrete slab and ample space for equipment, storage, hobbies, or projects. Four frost-free water spigots and irrigation provide added convenience throughout the property. Additional highlights include an asphalt driveway, RV hookup and drain, and a three-bedroom septic system serviced in April 2026. Enjoy the privacy and breathing room of rural living while remaining within an easy commute of Spokane and Deer Park.

40507 N Division Rd, Deer Park
$849,950
3 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621289 MLS
Functional 29-acre Chattaroy farmstead with space, utility, and rural lifestyle potential. Complete 2003 remodel/addition brought the home to over 2,900 sq ft with updated electrical, plumbing, insulation, windows, doors, siding, and other major improvements. Recent updates include a new roof, well, decks, swim spa, serviced furnace, and newer kitchen appliances. The basement pool table adds a great gathering space, while the roughly 14-ft swim spa off the deck is perfect for relaxing. Approx. 22 acres have been used for grass hay production, reportedly producing 50–70 tons annually, with fenced and cross-fenced pasture suitable for horses, livestock, cattle, or hobby-farm use. Outbuildings include an insulated shop with 12’ overhead door and 100-amp service, barn with stalls and cattle feeders, detached garage, RV cover, chicken coop, greenhouse, gardens, berries, and fruit trees. Enjoy sunsets, sunrises, Mt. Spokane views, and room to roam.

8511 E Hamilton Rd, Chattaroy
$650,000
3 Beds ⋅ 2 Baths ⋅ 202621287 MLS
To Be Built at Mountain View Meadows at Deer Park Golf Club! Experience luxury golf course living in this thoughtfully designed 3-bedroom, 2-bath home offering just under 2,000 sq ft. The open floor plan features a well-appointed kitchen with a large island and butler’s pantry, flowing into a vaulted great room and spacious covered patio overlooking the pond between the 2nd and 3rd fairways with beautiful mountain views. The primary suite offers a freestanding soaking tub, walk-in tile shower, dual vanities, and a generous walk-in closet. Enjoy the relaxed golf course lifestyle with scenic surroundings, nearby clubhouse, and an easy commute to North Spokane. Quality new construction in Deer Park’s premier golf course community.

1234 N Augusta Ln, Deer Park
$1,197,000
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621283 MLS
NEW CONSTRUCTION SHOW STOPPER WITH VIEWS AND UPGRADES GALORE!! Home is Completed! This beautiful & contemporary rancher features an open floor plan, 4 main floor bedrooms, floor to ceiling stone fireplace, built-ins, large view windows, covered deck, custom lighting, large dining space & oversized finished 3-car garage. The stunning and luxurious kitchen boasts double ovens, walk in pantry, stainless steel GE Monogram appliances, quartz countertops, tile backsplash & an expansive island with quartz waterfall. WOW- the spacious spa like primary suite will not disappoint with a private walk out to the deck, dual vanities, impressive walk-in tile shower, soaking tub & incredible custom walk-in closet. The daylight walk out lower level is ready for you to finish adding another 3 bedrooms, living room with wet bar & bathroom.

4710 W Lex Ave, Spokane
$514,000
5 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621269 MLS
Skip the wait to build and move right into this beautifully designed 2022 Bridgewater floor plan, the largest layout in Windhaven! Offering over 3,000 square feet, this home blends modern style with everyday functionality. The open-concept main level features a spacious living area and a stunning kitchen with quartz countertops, an oversized island, walk-in pantry, stainless steel appliances, and gas range. A main-floor bedroom and full bath provide flexible space for guests or a home office. Upstairs, the private primary suite features double-door entry, dual vanities, a walk-in shower, and a generous walk-in closet. Three additional bedrooms, a full bath, and an expansive bonus room offer endless possibilities for a media room, playroom, gym, or second living area. Thoughtfully designed with today's lifestyle in mind, this nearly new home is move-in ready and waiting for its next chapter. HOA Fee includes water, sewer, and garbage.

5912 W Jamestown Ln, Spokane
$490,000
4 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202621246 MLS
Pending Before Listing

5615 W Jamestown Ln, Spokane
$1,285,000
3 Beds ⋅ 3 Baths ⋅ 202612101 MLS
Perched atop the coveted Five Mile Prairie, 7335 N Five Mile is a rare offering where privacy, scale, & sweeping southern views converge. Custom designed to capture the panorama, the home overlooks the Spokane skyline and rolling mountains beyond. Sunrises and city lights will become part of your everyday backdrop. A private, winding driveway sets the tone, creating a true sense of arrival on 4.3 acres that feel both secluded and full of possibility. The acreage offers a compelling blend of usable terrain and future flexibility. Ideal for those who value space, expansion potential, or simply the luxury of elbow room on the bluff. Inside, architectural intention meets opportunity. The raised living room with cathedral ceilings draws the eye upward and outward, framing the view while creating a dramatic yet welcoming gathering space. Natural light pours through expansive windows, enhancing the home’s open, airy feel. The primary suite is thoughtfully positioned with a private deck to create an intimate retreat.

7335 N Five Mile Rd, Spokane

Listings last updated . All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified.